History of water pipe
or many centuries, lead was the favoured material for water pipes, because its malleability made it practical to work into the desired shape. (Such use was so common that the word "plumbing" derives from plumbum, the Latin word for lead.) This was a source of lead-related health problems in the years before the health hazards of ingesting lead were fully understood; among these were stillbirths and high rates of infant mortality. Lead water pipes were still widely used in the early 20th century, and remain in many households. In addition, lead-tin alloy solder was commonly used to join copper pipes, but modern practice uses tin-antimony alloy solder instead, in order to eliminate lead hazards.
Despite the Romans' common use of lead pipes, their aqueducts rarely poisoned people. Unlike other parts of the world where lead pipes cause poisoning, the Roman water had so much calcium in it that a layer of plaque prevented the water contacting the lead itself. What often causes confusion is the large amount of evidence of widespread lead poisoning, particularly amongst those who would have had easy access to piped water. This was an unfortunate result of lead being used in cookware and as an additive to processed food and drink, for example as a preservative in wine.Roman lead pipe inscriptions provided information on the owner to prevent water theft.
Wooden pipes were used in London and elsewhere during the 16th and 17th centuries. The pipes were hollowed-out logs, which were tapered at the end with a small hole in which the water would pass through.The multiple pipes were then sealed together with hot animal fat. They were often used in Montreal and Boston in the 1800s, and built-up wooden tubes were widely used in the USA during the 20th century. These pipes, used in place of corrugated iron or reinforced concrete pipes, were made of sections cut from short lengths of wood. Locking of adjacent rings with hardwood dowel pins produced a flexible structure. About 100,000 feet of these wooden pipes were installed during WW2 in drainage culverts, storm sewers and conduits, under highways and at army camps, naval stations, airfields and ordnance plants.
Cast iron and ductile iron pipe was long a lower-cost alternative to copper, before the advent of durable plastic materials but special non-conductive fittings must be used where transitions are to be made to other metallic pipes, except for terminal fittings, in order to avoid corrosion owing to electrochemical reactions between dissimilar metals (see galvanic cell).
Bronze fittings and short pipe segments are commonly used in combination with various materials.
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pipe
Minor plumbing
Each of plumbers usually performed minor plumbing services. These include the repair of the broken washing machine and a dripping faucet. The problem with a broken washing machine happens to its owner very troublesome, because the water leaking from the machine may flood the entire bathroom or the finished washing remove it clothes, which is a powder. In such a situation as soon as we call for help to the plumber. Equally often we call a plumber to repair a leaky faucet. Sometimes it turns out that you need to replace it, only the gasket, and another time the culprit turns out to be defective cam. Normally, we release a new cam will be covered. We will have to pay only for services rendered by the plumber.
Help hydraulics connecting dishwashers
Connecting new equipment to the existing years of domestic water and sewage networks can prove problematic. Sometimes, when connecting the dishwasher, it turns out that in the kitchen, it is necessary to review the hydraulic system. We note, in fact, that we lack the approach of water, which could connect the dishwasher or water in the dishwasher is poured into the wrong pressure and a hose from the dishwasher starts dripping water. Then we called the plumber replace the existing water in the kitchen approach and to do a new approach, which will connect the dishwasher. It may also be that the water pouring into the dishwasher with too much pressure caused in it a failure, which can help us repair plumber and mechanic of the dishwashers.